SLVAG11 March   2026 TPS1200-Q1 , TPS1210-Q1 , TPS1211-Q1 , TPS1212-Q1 , TPS1213-Q1 , TPS1214-Q1 , TPS1H000-Q1 , TPS1H100-Q1 , TPS1H200A-Q1 , TPS1HA08-Q1 , TPS1HB08-Q1 , TPS1HB16-Q1 , TPS1HB35-Q1 , TPS1HB50-Q1 , TPS1HC04-Q1 , TPS1HC08-Q1 , TPS1HC100-Q1 , TPS1HC120-Q1 , TPS1HC30-Q1 , TPS1HTC100-Q1 , TPS1HTC30-Q1 , TPS272C45 , TPS274160 , TPS274C65 , TPS274C65CP , TPS27S100 , TPS27SA08 , TPS27SA08-Q1 , TPS281C100 , TPS281C30 , TPS2H000-Q1 , TPS2H160-Q1 , TPS2HB16-Q1 , TPS2HB35-Q1 , TPS2HB50-Q1 , TPS2HC08-Q1 , TPS2HC120-Q1 , TPS2HC16-Q1 , TPS2HCS05-Q1 , TPS2HCS08-Q1 , TPS2HCS10-Q1 , TPS4800-Q1 , TPS4810-Q1 , TPS4811-Q1 , TPS4812-Q1 , TPS4813-Q1 , TPS4816-Q1 , TPS482H85-Q1 , TPS4H000-Q1 , TPS4H160-Q1 , TPS4HC120-Q1

 

  1.   1
  2.   Abstract
  3.   Trademarks
  4. 1Introduction
    1. 1.1 High-Side Switches Compared to Other Power Switch ICs
      1. 1.1.1 Discrete High-Side Implementations
        1. 1.1.1.1 Level One: NFET-Controlled PFET
        2. 1.1.1.2 Level Two: NFET with a Step-Up Converter
        3. 1.1.1.3 Level Three: NFET, Step-Up Converter and Discretely Implemented Protections and Diagnostics
      2. 1.1.2 Comparison to Load Switches
      3. 1.1.3 Comparison to Hot-Swap Controllers and eFuses (Integrated Hot Swaps)
      4. 1.1.4 Comparison to Motor Drivers and Gate Drivers
      5. 1.1.5 Summary
    2. 1.2 Common Automotive and Industrial Standards
      1. 1.2.1 Typical Automotive Voltage Ranges
      2. 1.2.2 Typical Industrial Voltage Ranges
      3. 1.2.3 Automotive Qualifications and Standards
      4. 1.2.4 Industrial Qualifications and Standards
  5. 2Architectural and Application Differences of High-Side Switches and Controllers
    1. 2.1 Architecture Differences
    2. 2.2 Application Differences
      1. 2.2.1 Load Driving
      2. 2.2.2 Input Protection and Circuit Breaking
    3. 2.3 Summary and Product Family Selection Matrix
  6. 3Core Features of High-Side Switches and Controllers
    1. 3.1 Protection Features
      1. 3.1.1 Overcurrent Protection
      2. 3.1.2 Thermal Shutdown
        1. 3.1.2.1 Absolute Thermal Shutdown
        2. 3.1.2.2 Relative Thermal Shutdown
        3. 3.1.2.3 Undervoltage Lockout and Overvoltage Lockout (UVLO and OVLO)
        4. 3.1.2.4 Inductive Clamping
      3. 3.1.3 Reverse Polarity Protection
        1. 3.1.3.1 Ground Networks
        2. 3.1.3.2 Reverse Polarity and Reverse Current Protection in High-Side Switch Controllers
    2. 3.2 Diagnostic Features
      1. 3.2.1 Analog Current Sense
      2. 3.2.2 Open Load and Short-to-Battery Detection
      3. 3.2.3 Junction Temperature Sensing
      4. 3.2.4 Input and Output Voltage Sensing
  7. 4Specialized Features
    1. 4.1 Capacitive Charging Features
    2. 4.2 Serial Communication and Corresponding Features
    3. 4.3 Features for Industrial Systems: Enhanced EFT, Reverse Current Blocking, LED Driving
    4. 4.4 Additional Specialized Features
      1. 4.4.1 Integrated Watchdog Timer
      2. 4.4.2 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
      3. 4.4.3 Steady-State Programmable PWM Switching
    5. 4.5 Smart eFuse High-Side Switch Protection Features
      1. 4.5.1 Energy Management with Programmable Time-Current Characteristics (I2T)
      2. 4.5.2 Power Optimization Through Low-Power Mode
      3. 4.5.3 Memory Retention After Power Cycling (NVM or EEPROM)
  8. 5Summary
  9. 6References

4.5.1 Energy Management with Programmable Time-Current Characteristics (I2T)

One way to aid in both power and material optimization is with a programmable I2T curve—current squared multiplied by time. This value is representative of the energy in a component based on the current that flows through the component. In melting fuses, it is the energy associated with the thermal threshold at which the fuse melts. When replicated and implemented digitally in an IC, fuse protection is available to any automotive electronic control unit (ECU) regardless of physical accessibility.

The benefit of an I2T semiconductor design is therefore not one-dimensional. Smart eFuse high-side switches offer a much higher degree of configurability, allowing a designer to tailor a protection profile to match a melting fuse, a wire-tolerance curve or custom load protection scheme. Since this protection is completely configured through software, this also opens the door to hardware reuse.

Current vs Time Plot of the I2T Curve with Four Sections Highlighted: Normal Operation, Fuse Shutdown, Fixed-Delay Shutdown and Immediate Shutdown Figure 4-4 Current vs Time Plot of the I2T Curve with Four Sections Highlighted: Normal Operation, Fuse Shutdown, Fixed-Delay Shutdown and Immediate Shutdown