SLVAG11 March   2026 TPS1200-Q1 , TPS1210-Q1 , TPS1211-Q1 , TPS1212-Q1 , TPS1213-Q1 , TPS1214-Q1 , TPS1H000-Q1 , TPS1H100-Q1 , TPS1H200A-Q1 , TPS1HA08-Q1 , TPS1HB08-Q1 , TPS1HB16-Q1 , TPS1HB35-Q1 , TPS1HB50-Q1 , TPS1HC04-Q1 , TPS1HC08-Q1 , TPS1HC100-Q1 , TPS1HC120-Q1 , TPS1HC30-Q1 , TPS1HTC100-Q1 , TPS1HTC30-Q1 , TPS272C45 , TPS274160 , TPS274C65 , TPS274C65CP , TPS27S100 , TPS27SA08 , TPS27SA08-Q1 , TPS281C100 , TPS281C30 , TPS2H000-Q1 , TPS2H160-Q1 , TPS2HB16-Q1 , TPS2HB35-Q1 , TPS2HB50-Q1 , TPS2HC08-Q1 , TPS2HC120-Q1 , TPS2HC16-Q1 , TPS2HCS05-Q1 , TPS2HCS08-Q1 , TPS2HCS10-Q1 , TPS4800-Q1 , TPS4810-Q1 , TPS4811-Q1 , TPS4812-Q1 , TPS4813-Q1 , TPS4816-Q1 , TPS482H85-Q1 , TPS4H000-Q1 , TPS4H160-Q1 , TPS4HC120-Q1

 

  1.   1
  2.   Abstract
  3.   Trademarks
  4. 1Introduction
    1. 1.1 High-Side Switches Compared to Other Power Switch ICs
      1. 1.1.1 Discrete High-Side Implementations
        1. 1.1.1.1 Level One: NFET-Controlled PFET
        2. 1.1.1.2 Level Two: NFET with a Step-Up Converter
        3. 1.1.1.3 Level Three: NFET, Step-Up Converter and Discretely Implemented Protections and Diagnostics
      2. 1.1.2 Comparison to Load Switches
      3. 1.1.3 Comparison to Hot-Swap Controllers and eFuses (Integrated Hot Swaps)
      4. 1.1.4 Comparison to Motor Drivers and Gate Drivers
      5. 1.1.5 Summary
    2. 1.2 Common Automotive and Industrial Standards
      1. 1.2.1 Typical Automotive Voltage Ranges
      2. 1.2.2 Typical Industrial Voltage Ranges
      3. 1.2.3 Automotive Qualifications and Standards
      4. 1.2.4 Industrial Qualifications and Standards
  5. 2Architectural and Application Differences of High-Side Switches and Controllers
    1. 2.1 Architecture Differences
    2. 2.2 Application Differences
      1. 2.2.1 Load Driving
      2. 2.2.2 Input Protection and Circuit Breaking
    3. 2.3 Summary and Product Family Selection Matrix
  6. 3Core Features of High-Side Switches and Controllers
    1. 3.1 Protection Features
      1. 3.1.1 Overcurrent Protection
      2. 3.1.2 Thermal Shutdown
        1. 3.1.2.1 Absolute Thermal Shutdown
        2. 3.1.2.2 Relative Thermal Shutdown
        3. 3.1.2.3 Undervoltage Lockout and Overvoltage Lockout (UVLO and OVLO)
        4. 3.1.2.4 Inductive Clamping
      3. 3.1.3 Reverse Polarity Protection
        1. 3.1.3.1 Ground Networks
        2. 3.1.3.2 Reverse Polarity and Reverse Current Protection in High-Side Switch Controllers
    2. 3.2 Diagnostic Features
      1. 3.2.1 Analog Current Sense
      2. 3.2.2 Open Load and Short-to-Battery Detection
      3. 3.2.3 Junction Temperature Sensing
      4. 3.2.4 Input and Output Voltage Sensing
  7. 4Specialized Features
    1. 4.1 Capacitive Charging Features
    2. 4.2 Serial Communication and Corresponding Features
    3. 4.3 Features for Industrial Systems: Enhanced EFT, Reverse Current Blocking, LED Driving
    4. 4.4 Additional Specialized Features
      1. 4.4.1 Integrated Watchdog Timer
      2. 4.4.2 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
      3. 4.4.3 Steady-State Programmable PWM Switching
    5. 4.5 Smart eFuse High-Side Switch Protection Features
      1. 4.5.1 Energy Management with Programmable Time-Current Characteristics (I2T)
      2. 4.5.2 Power Optimization Through Low-Power Mode
      3. 4.5.3 Memory Retention After Power Cycling (NVM or EEPROM)
  8. 5Summary
  9. 6References

1.1.3 Comparison to Hot-Swap Controllers and eFuses (Integrated Hot Swaps)

In the industrial and enterprise markets, the name eFuse or integrated hot swap typically describes an integrated-FET input power protection IC (for example, TPS2663). eFuses (integrated hot swaps) provide voltage and current protection during fault events like short-circuit, overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage and overtemperature events that might otherwise damage downstream loads. eFuses typically protect the input of a system, preventing damage to on-board loads. In contrast, high-side switches typically perform output power protection, preventing off-board load damage during similar fault events.

However, at a basic level, both are high-side internal-FET power switches. For example, in a PLC analog input module, an engineer may select an eFuse (integrated hot swap) to protect against miswiring at an output power port for field transmitters. A high-side switch can also provide simple current limiting at the input of a system, especially where overvoltage is not a concern. While load switches, eFuses (integrated hot swaps) or high-side

switches may work for the same application (depending on the voltage and current requirements), these devices often have tailored feature sets for either input or output protection.

eFuses (integrated hot swaps) for industrial applications often offer overvoltage protection, integrated back-to-back FETs for reverse current blocking and UL 2367 recognition. Reverse current blocking also allows eFuses (integrated hot swaps) and load switches to support input power multiplexing (or power muxing). Read more on this topic in Power Multiplexing Using Load Switches and eFuses. To learn more about eFuses (integrated hot swaps), see Basics of eFuses.

For output power protection, high-side switches integrate features like inductive discharge clamps, load dump compatibility and open-load or wire-break detection. Some high-side switches, such asTPS274C65, have the capability to drive an external FET for reverse current blocking. This feature is useful for applications like PLC digital output modules, which may encounter miswiring conditions at the output ports.

External-FET designs such as high-side switch controllers and hot-swap controllers have a similar relationship to the corresponding integrated-FET solutions. Hot-swap controllers, designed to protect a system input, provide current limiting and input transient handling during hot-swap or hot-plug events. Hot-swap controllers typically have lower overall gate drive because their primary purpose is inrush current control. High-side switch controllers, designed for both output protection (for high-current off-board load driving) and input protection, offer strong overall gate drive and transient handling for both output and input. High-side switch controllers also have bi-directional functionality. For example, TPS1212-Q1, with bidirectional current capability, is advantageous in applications that wish to protect the input power source but occasionally allow current to flow back to the source (say, to charge a battery). Another distinguishing behavior between high-side switch controllers and hot-swap controllers is the overcurrent response. High-side switch controllers do not clamp current in the typical current-limiting fashion of a hot-swap controller. Instead, they provide a circuit breaker functionality or emulate a melting fuse. An emerging programmable fuse profile in the automotive industry is I2T, where I is current and T is time.

The automotive market typically refers to a high-side switch or controller with I2T protection as an eFuse or smart fuse. This document refers to high-side switches or controllers with I2T as “smart eFuse high-side switches” to distinguish them from TI eFuses (integrated hot swaps). Section 4.5 discusses the features, protections and use cases of TI’s smart eFuse high-side switches in greater depth.

Table 1-3 lists a comparison between high-side switches, high-side switch controllers, smart eFuse high-side switches, hot-swap controllers and eFuses (integrated hot swaps). Section 3.1.1 further describes the distinct overcurrent behaviors of high-side switches and high-side switch controllers.

Table 1-3 Comparison of High-Side Switches and Hot-Swap Controllers and eFuses (Integrated Hot Swaps)
Features1 and Configurations High-Side Switch High-Side Switch Controller Smart eFuse High-Side Switch eFuses (Integrated Hot Swap) Hot-Swap Controller
FET Configuration Internal External Internal or External Internal External
Reverse Current Blocking (in ON and OFF state) Yes2 No3 No Yes 2 Yes 2
Input Reverse Polarity Protection No Yes Yes4 Yes 2 No
Output Reverse Polarity Protection No Yes 2 Yes 4 No No
Overcurrent Protection (OCP) Behavior 5 Current Limit Circuit Breaker Regulated Current (Based on I2T fuse profile) Circuit Breaker, Current Limit, or Power Limit Circuit Breaker, Current Limit, or Power Limit
Overvoltage Protection Yes 2 Yes 2 No Yes Yes
Inductive discharge clamp Yes No Yes No No
Bidirectional current capability available No Yes 26 Yes 4 Yes 2 7 No
Automotive load dump compatibility Yes Yes Yes No No
UL Recognition Yes 2 No No Yes No
Interface GPIO or SPI GPIO GPIO or SPI GPIO or PMBus GPIO or PMBus
AEC-Q100 Qualification Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Yes 2
  1. A yes indicates that a feature is commonly available for that product family.
  2. Available in only select devices.
  3. In on-state, high-side switch controllers can detect reverse current and signal the MCU to act, but they do not have an integrated protection scheme
  4. Applies to external-FET devices only.
  5. Current limiting clamps the output current at a specific value; the value can be programmable or fixed. I2T protection turns off the output current according to a specific current-time profile.
  6. Bidirectional current monitoring only
  7. Bidirectional power delivery in steady-state to support USB OTG or DRP operation