SLAU132V User guide | 德州仪器 TI.com.cn

SLAU132V October 2004 – February 2020

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2.7 Understanding Diagnostic Messages

One of the primary functions of the compiler and linker is to report diagnostic messages for the source program. A diagnostic message indicates that something may be wrong with the program. When the compiler or linker detects a suspect condition, it displays a message in the following format:

"file.c", linen:diagnostic severity: diagnostic message

"file.c"	The name of the file involved
linen:	The line number where the diagnostic applies
diagnostic severity	The diagnostic message severity (severity category descriptions follow)
diagnostic message	The text that describes the problem

Diagnostic messages have a severity, as follows:

A fatal error indicates a problem so severe that the compilation cannot continue. Examples of such problems include command-line errors, internal errors, and missing include files. If multiple source files are being compiled, any source files after the current one will not be compiled.
An error indicates a violation of the syntax or semantic rules of the C/C++ language. Compilation may continue, but object code is not generated.
A warning indicates something that is likely to be a problem, but cannot be proven to be an error. For example, the compiler emits a warning for an unused variable. An unused variable does not affect program execution, but its existence suggests that you might have meant to use it. Compilation continues and object code is generated (if no errors are detected).
A remark is less serious than a warning. It may indicate something that is a potential problem in rare cases, or the remark may be strictly informational. Compilation continues and object code is generated (if no errors are detected). By default, remarks are not issued. Use the --issue_remarks compiler option to enable remarks.
Advice provides information about recommended usage. It is not provided in the same way as the other diagnostic categories described here. Instead, it is only available in Code Composer Studio in the Advice area, which is a tab that appears next to the Problems tab. This advice cannot be controlled or accessed via the command line. The advice provided includes suggested settings for the --opt_level and --opt_for_speed options. In addition, messages about suggested code changes from the ULP (Ultra-Low Power) Advisor are provided in this tab.

Diagnostic messages are written to standard error with a form like the following example:

"test.c", line 5: error: a break statement may only be used within a loop or switch
    break; 
    ^

By default, the source code line is not printed. Use the --verbose_diagnostics compiler option to display the source line and the error position. The above example makes use of this option.

The message identifies the file and line involved in the diagnostic, and the source line itself (with the position indicated by the ^ character) follows the message. If several diagnostic messages apply to one source line, each diagnostic has the form shown; the text of the source line is displayed several times, with an appropriate position indicated each time.

Long messages are wrapped to additional lines, when necessary.

You can use the --display_error_number command-line option to request that the diagnostic's numeric identifier be included in the diagnostic message. When displayed, the diagnostic identifier also indicates whether the diagnostic can have its severity overridden on the command line. If the severity can be overridden, the diagnostic identifier includes the suffix -D (for discretionary); otherwise, no suffix is present. For example:

"Test_name.c", line 7: error #64-D: declaration does not declare anything
    struct {};
      ^
"Test_name.c", line 9: error #77: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier 
    xxxxx;
    ^

Because errors are determined to be discretionary based on the severity in a specific context, an error can be discretionary in some cases and not in others. All warnings and remarks are discretionary.

For some messages, a list of entities (functions, local variables, source files, etc.) is useful; the entities are listed following the initial error message:

"test.c", line 4: error: more than one instance of overloaded function "f" 
            matches the argument list:
            function "f(int)"
            function "f(float)"
            argument types are: (double)
   f(1.5);
   ^

In some cases, additional context information is provided. Specifically, the context information is useful when the front end issues a diagnostic while doing a template instantiation or while generating a constructor, destructor, or assignment operator function. For example:

"test.c", line 7: error: "A::A()" is inaccessible
   B x;
   ^
          detected during implicit generation of "B::B()" at line 7

Without the context information, it is difficult to determine to what the error refers.