SLAS354C September   2001  – September 2015 TLV2553

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. 1 Features
  2. 2 Applications
  3. 3 Description
  4. 4 Revision History
  5. 5 Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. 6 Specifications
    1. 6.1  Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2  ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3  Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4  Thermal Information
    5. 6.5  Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6  External Reference Specifications
    7. 6.7  Operating Characteristics
    8. 6.8  Timing Requirements: VREF+ = 5 V
    9. 6.9  Timing Requirements: VREF+ = 2.5 V
    10. 6.10 Typical Characteristics
  7. 7 Parameter Measurement Information
  8. 8 Detailed Description
    1. 8.1 Overview
    2. 8.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 8.3 Feature Description
      1. 8.3.1 Analog MUX
      2. 8.3.2 Reference
    4. 8.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 8.4.1  Converter Operation
      2. 8.4.2  Data I/O Cycle
      3. 8.4.3  Sampling Cycle
      4. 8.4.4  Conversion Cycle
      5. 8.4.5  Power Up and Initialization
        1. 8.4.5.1 Example
      6. 8.4.6  Data Input
      7. 8.4.7  Data Input—Address/Command Bits
      8. 8.4.8  Data Output Length
      9. 8.4.9  LSB Out First
      10. 8.4.10 Bipolar Output Format
      11. 8.4.11 EOC Output
      12. 8.4.12 Chip-Select Input (CS)
      13. 8.4.13 Power-Down Features
  9. 9 Application and Implementation
    1. 9.1 Application Information
    2. 9.2 Typical Application
      1. 9.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
      3. 9.2.3 Application Curve
  10. 10Power Supply Recommendations
  11. 11Layout
    1. 11.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 11.2 Layout Example
  12. 12Device and Documentation Support
    1. 12.1 Community Resources
    2. 12.2 Trademarks
    3. 12.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    4. 12.4 Glossary
  13. 13Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

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9 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

9.1 Application Information

As with most SAR ADCs, the inputs of the TLV2553 are not high-impedance ports. At the start of the sampling phase, the selected input channel experiences a load current, as the internal analog switches close and the sampling capacitor starts to charge (or discharge). This load current decays over time and varies in a nonlinear fashion with respect to input voltage.

The load current is supplied by the input signal source which has non-zero output impedance. As a result, the load current drops non-zero voltage across the output impedance of the signal source creating a time-decaying, nonlinear error between the signal source output and the ADC input. This is called sampling error, and if the sampling error does not decay to less than 1 LSB before the end of the sampling window when the sampling switch opens and conversion begins, the ADC output is inaccurate.

The rate of decay of the sampling error and its nonlinearity over input voltage are highly sensitive to source impedance. In other words, for larger values of source impedance, the sampling error decays more slowly over time, resulting in greater residual error at the end of the sampling window that is also more non-linear over the ADC input voltage range. Nonlinearity in the ADC input translates to nonlinearity or harmonic distortion in the ADC output. Harmonic distortion degrades ADC resolution and translates to a decrease in the ADC’s effective number of bits (ENOB). Therefore, driving the ADC input with a low-impedance source is critical for conversion accuracy.

In addition to keeping source impedance as low as possible, TI recommends the following measures for minimizing input sampling error and harmonic distortion associated with the TLV2553 while operating the device at maximum 200-KSPS throughput:

  • For AC inputs, the maximum input signal frequency on all channels should be limited to well less than the maximum Nyquist rate of 100 kHz. Figure 40 shows how ENOB degrades as input frequency increases.
    • TLV2553 D025_SLAS579.gif
    Rsource = 50 Ω ƒs = 200KSPS
    Figure 40. ENOB as a Function of Input Signal Frequency
  • For DC inputs, ensure that there are no large step-function changes (greater than VREF / 4) between successive input channels in the scanning order at the highest throughput. If possible, it is advisable to scan the input channels so that the difference in the DC voltage levels between any two successive channels is minimized to ensure 12-bit sampling accuracy. For larger voltage changes between channels, higher accuracy can be achieved by reducing the throughput.
  • The stability of the ADC reference input voltage, which is a DC signal, is critical for ADC accuracy. The reference source experiences large instantaneous changes in load current during the ADC conversion phase, and therefore, low source impedance is required for excellent load regulation and stability.

9.2 Typical Application

Figure 41 shows a typical application where the TLV2553 is used to acquire multiple AC signals while operating at its maximum sampling rate of 200 KSPS.

TLV2553 typ_app_las579.gif Figure 41. Typical Application Block Diagram

9.2.1 Design Requirements

The design is optimized for superior dynamic performance (low harmonic distortion, high ENOB) while the ADC is multiplexing input channels at maximum sampling rate. Of course, the underlying assumption, based on , is that the bandwidths of the input signals are much less than 100 kHz. For example, according to , the TLV2553 provides better than 11.5 ENOB for AC inputs less than 10 kHz.

9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

Good dynamic performance while the ADC is multiplexing inputs at maximum sampling rate requires low source impedance on the input channels being addressed. To make the input source impedance less sensitive to line inductance, especially in cases where the signal sources may be located far away from the ADC, it may be necessary to use operational amplifier buffers located close to the ADC input pins.

The procedure for estimating the maximum tolerable value of input source impedance on a given channel for achieving the desired ENOB (for example ENOB > 11.5) in a multiplexed application is as follows:

  1. Using a low impedance signal source, apply a full-scale sinusoidal signal of suitably low frequency to the ADC input channel of interest, CHx.
  2. Using a second low impedance source, apply a full-scale sinusoid that has the same frequency as the signal on CHx but is 180˚ out-of-phase, to a second ADC input channel, CHy, that will serve as the control element in the experiment.
  3. Initiate conversions with the ADC continuously multiplexing between CHx and CHy in each conversion cycle.
  4. Rearrange the output data by channel, and for each of the two channels, compute SINAD from its FFT and estimate ENOB for that channel as ENOB = (SINAD[dB] – 1.76) / 6.02.
  5. Increase the series resistance on CHx by a discrete amount and repeat steps 1 through 5 until the ENOB of CHx has degraded sufficiently relative to CHy (which should remain unchanged).

The external 1-nF decoupling capacitors (recommend C0G/NP0 type for constant capacitance versus voltage) on the input channels are required for supplying the instantaneous change in the ADC’s load current demand during the sampling phase after an input channel is selected. In other words, the decoupling capacitor effectively reduces the output impedance of the source at high frequencies.

Similarly, the reference pin also requires decoupling for low-output impedance at high frequency. However, the larger magnitude of reference pin load currents during the ADC conversion phase necessitates a decoupling capacitor of a much higher value. The extra ESR (2.5 Ω) is required for stabilizing the OPA320 output as it drives the 10-μF load.

The OPA320 is a wide-band, low-noise, low-power operational amplifier that is unity gain stable and can operate on a single 5-V system supply while supporting rail-to-rail signal swing at its input and output. These properties make it an ideal choice for being used as a high-precision (stable, low-noise) reference buffer that has enough loop gain over frequency to support low-output impedance over a wide bandwidth.

9.2.3 Application Curve

was generated by sweeping Rsource from 50 Ω to 1 kΩ following the procedure detailed in .

TLV2553 D026_SLAS579.gif
ƒIN = 1 kHz ƒs = 200 KSPS
Figure 42. ENOB as a Function of Input Source Impedance