1 Introduction

In recent years, thermostats have undergone a significant transformation from simple temperature control devices to sophisticated smart hubs that integrate various features and technologies. As people seek to optimize the indoor climate and reduce energy consumption, the demand for advanced thermostat designs has grown. Modern smart thermostats are now equipped with an array of features, including geofencing, voice control, predictive maintenance, and personalized comfort settings.

One of the key technologies driving this evolution in smart thermostats is millimeter wave (mmWave) radar, a highly sensitive and accurate sensing technology that enables precise occupancy detection. mmWave radar systems use high-frequency electromagnetic waves to mmWave Radar systems use high-frequency electromagnetic waves to detect the velocity of an object, range and angle of arrival. By leveraging mmWave radar, smart thermostats can provide enhanced indoor climate control, energy efficiency, and occupant comfort. This also significantly reduces HVAC system usage, resulting in lower energy bills and a reduced carbon footprint.