3 Irradiation Facility and Setup

The heavy-ion species used for the SEE studies on this product were provided and delivered by two facilities:

• Michigan State University (MSU) Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) using a linear accelerator and an advanced electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. At the fluxes used, ion beams had good flux stability and high irradiation uniformity as the beam is collimated to a maximum of 20mm x 20mm square cross-sectional area for the in-vacuum scintillator. Uniformity is achieved by scattering on a Cu foil and then performing magnetic defocusing. The flux of the beam is regulated over a broad range spanning several orders of magnitude. For these studies, ion flux of 9.36 x 10⁴ to 1.07 x 10⁵ ions/cm² ·s was used to provide heavy-ion fluences of 1.00 x 10⁷ ions/cm².
• Texas A&M University (TAMU) Cyclotron Radiation Effects Facility using a superconducting cyclotron and an advanced electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. At the fluxes used, ion beams had good flux stability and high irradiation uniformity over a 1-in diameter circular cross-sectional area for the in-air station. Uniformity is achieved by magnetic defocusing. The flux of the beam is regulated over a broad range spanning several orders of magnitude. For these studies, ion flux of 5.08 x 10⁴ to 6.39 x 10⁴ ions/cm² ·s was used to provide heavy-ion fluences of 1.00 x 10⁷ ions/cm² .