8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure

Figure 61 shows a noninverting circuit with a moderately high closed-loop gain (A_V) of 17 V/V (24.6 dB). In this example, a 5-V_PK ac signal is amplified to 85 V_PK across a 10-kΩ load resistor connected to the output. The peak current for this application is 8.5 mA, and is well within the OPA462 output current capability. Higher output current, typically up to 30 mA, may be attained at the expense of the output swing to the supply rails. A ±90-V_DC power supply is required for this configuration.

The noninverting amplifier circuit shows the OPA462 enable-disable function. When placed in disabled mode the op amp becomes nonfunctional, and the current consumption is reduced to approximately one-third to one-half the enabled level. An enable active state occurs when the E/D pin is left open, or is biased 3 V to 5 V greater than the E/D Com voltage level. If biased between the E/D com level, to E/D Com + 0.65 V, the OPA462 disables. More information about this function is provided in the Enable and Disable section.

Op amps designed for high-voltage and high-power applications may encounter output loads that can be quite different than those used in low-voltage, non-power op amp applications. Although every effort is made to make a high-voltage op amp such as the OPA462 robust and tolerant of different supply and different output load conditions, some loads can present potentially harmful circumstances.

Purely resistive output loads operating within the current capability range of the OPA462 do not present an unsafe condition, provided the thermal requirements discussed in the Layout section. Complex loads that have inductive or capacitive reactive elements might present an unsafe condition, and must be fully considered and addressed before implementation.

A potentially destructive mechanism is the back EMF transient that can be generated when driving an inductive load. D₁, D₂, Z₁ and Z₂ in Figure 61 have been added to the basic OPA462 amplifier circuit to provide protection in the event of back EMF. If the voltage at the OPA462 output attempts to momentarily rise above V+, D₁ becomes forward-biased and clamps the voltage between the output and V+ pins. This clamp must be sufficient to protect the OPA462 output transistor. If the event causes the V+ voltage to increase the power supply bypass capacitor, Z₁, or both, a Zener diode or a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) can provide a path for the transient current to ground. D₂ and Z₂ provide the same protection in the negative supply circuit.

The OPA462 noninverting amplifier circuit with a closed-loop gain of 17 V/V has a small-signal, –3-dB bandwidth of nearly 800 kHz. However, the large-signal bandwidth is likely of greater importance in a high-output-voltage application. For that mode of operation, the slew rate of the op amp and the peak output swing voltage must be considered in order to determine the maximum large-signal bandwidth. The slew rate (SR) of the OPA462 is typically 6.5 V/µs, or 6.5 × 10⁶ V/s. Using the 85-V_PK output voltage available from the circuit in Figure 61, the maximum large-signal bandwidth is calculated from the slew rate formula. Equation 1, Equation 2 and Equation 3 show the calculation process.

Equation 1.

Equation 2.

Equation 3.

where

• SR = 6.5 × 10⁶ V/s
• V_PK = 85 V

The best practice for a typical parameter such as slew rate to allow for variance. In this example, keeping the large signal f_MAX to 10 kHz is sufficient to make sure the output avoids slew rate limiting.