SBOS383D December   2006  – December 2016 TMP411

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. 1 Features
  2. 2 Applications
  3. 3 Description
  4. 4 Revision History
  5. 5 Device Comparison Table
  6. 6 Pin Configuration and Functions
  7. 7 Specifications
    1. 7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 7.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 7.4 Thermal Information
    5. 7.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 7.6 Timing Requirements
  8. 8 Typical Characteristics
  9. 9 Detailed Description
    1. 9.1 Overview
    2. 9.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 9.3 Feature Description
      1. 9.3.1 Series Resistance Cancellation
      2. 9.3.2 Differential Input Capacitance
      3. 9.3.3 Temperature Measurement Data
      4. 9.3.4 THERM (Pin 4) and ALERTor THERM2 (Pin 6)
      5. 9.3.5 Sensor Fault
      6. 9.3.6 Undervoltage Lockout
      7. 9.3.7 Filtering
    4. 9.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 9.4.1 Shutdown Mode (SD)
      2. 9.4.2 One-Shot Conversion
    5. 9.5 Programming
      1. 9.5.1  Serial Interface
      2. 9.5.2  Bus Overview
      3. 9.5.3  Timing Diagrams
      4. 9.5.4  Serial Bus Address
      5. 9.5.5  Read and Write Operations
      6. 9.5.6  Timeout Function
      7. 9.5.7  High-Speed Mode
      8. 9.5.8  General Call Reset
      9. 9.5.9  Software Reset
      10. 9.5.10 SMBus Alert Function
    6. 9.6 Register Map
      1. 9.6.1  Register Information
      2. 9.6.2  Pointer Register
      3. 9.6.3  Temperature Registers
      4. 9.6.4  Limit Registers
      5. 9.6.5  Status Register
      6. 9.6.6  Configuration Register
      7. 9.6.7  Resolution Register
      8. 9.6.8  Conversion Rate Register
      9. 9.6.9  N-Factor Correction Register
      10. 9.6.10 Minimum and Maximum Registers
      11. 9.6.11 Consecutive Alert Register
      12. 9.6.12 THERM Hysteresis Register
      13. 9.6.13 Remote Temperature Offset Register
      14. 9.6.14 Identification Registers
  10. 10Application and Implementation
    1. 10.1 Application Information
    2. 10.2 Typical Application
      1. 10.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 10.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
      3. 10.2.3 Application Curves
  11. 11Power Supply Recommendations
  12. 12Layout
    1. 12.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 12.2 Layout Example
  13. 13Device and Documentation Support
    1. 13.1 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    2. 13.2 Community Resources
    3. 13.3 Trademarks
    4. 13.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    5. 13.5 Glossary
  14. 14Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

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10 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

10.1 Application Information

The TMP411 only requires a transistor connected between the D+ and D– pins for remote temperature measurement. Tie the D+ pin to D– if the remote channel is not used and only the local temperature is measured. The SDA, ALERT and THERM pins (and SCL, if driven by an open-drain output) require pullup resistors as part of the communication bus. TI recommends using a 0.1-µF power-supply decoupling capacitor for local bypassing. Figure 11 illustrates the typical configurations for the TMP411.

10.2 Typical Application

10.2.1 Design Requirements

The TMP411 is designed to be used with discrete transistors or substrate transistors built into processor chips and ASICs. NPN or PNP transistors can be used, as long as the base-emitter junction is the remote temperature sensor. A transistor or diode connection can be used, as shown in Figure 11.

Errors in remote temperature sensor readings are the result of the ideality factor and current excitation from the TMP411 versus the manufacturer-specified operating current for a given transistor. Some manufacturers specify a high-level and low-level current for the temperature-sensing substrate transistors. The TMP411 has an ILOW value of 6 μA, and an IHIGH value of 120 μA. The TMP411 allows for different n-factor values, as shown in Table 8.

The ideality factor (n) is a measured characteristic of a remote temperature sensor diode compared to an ideal diode. The ideality factor reduces to a value of 1.008. For transistors with an ideality factor that does not match the TMP411, Equation 4 calculates the temperature error. Note that the actual temperature (°C) must be converted to Kelvin (°K) for the equation to yield the correct results.

Equation 4. TMP411 Equation_4_SBOS383D.gif

where

  • n = the ideality factor of the remote temperature sensor
  • T(°C) = actual temperature
  • TERR = device reading error due to n ≠ 1.008
  • Degree delta is the same for °C and °K

For n = 1.004 and T(°C) = 100°C, use Equation 5:

Equation 5. TMP411 Equation_5_SBOS383D.gif

If a discrete transistor is used as the remote temperature sensor, selecting the transistor according to the following criteria results in the best accuracy.

  1. Base-emitter voltage > 0.25 V at 6 µA, at the highest sensed temperature.
  2. Base-emitter voltage < 0.95 V at 120 µA, at the lowest sensed temperature.
  3. Base resistance < 100 Ω
  4. Tight control of VBE characteristics indicated by small variations in hFE (that is, 50 to 150).

Based on these criteria, TI recommends using two small-signal transistors, such as the 2N3904 (NPN) or 2N3906 (PNP).

10.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

The temperature measurement accuracy of the TMP411 depends on the remote or local temperature sensor being at the same temperature as the monitored system point. If the temperature sensor is not in good thermal contact with the part of the system being monitored, then there is a delay in the response of the sensor to a temperature change in the system. For remote temperature sensing applications using a substrate transistor (or a small, SOT-23 transistor) placed close to the device , this delay is usually not a concern.

The local temperature sensor inside the TMP411 monitors the ambient air around the device. The thermal time constant for the TMP411 is approximately two seconds. This constant implies that if the ambient air changes quickly by 100°C, the TMP411 takes approximately 10 seconds (that is, five thermal time constants) to settle within 1°C of the final value. In most applications, the TMP411 package is in electrical (and thermal contact) with the printed circuit board (PCB), and subjected to forced airflow. The accuracy of the temperature measurement directly depends on how accurately the PCB and forced airflow temperatures represent the temperature measured by the device. Additionally, the internal power dissipation of the TMP411 can cause the temperature to rise above the ambient or PCB temperature. The internal power dissipated is a result of exciting the remote temperature sensor is negligible because of the small currents used.

For a 3.3-V supply and maximum conversion rate of eight conversions per second, the TMP411 dissipates 1.32 mW (PD IQ = 3.3 V × 400 µA). If the ALERT/THERM2 and THERM pins are each sinking 1 mA, an additional power of 0.8 mW is dissipated (PD OUT = 1 mA × 0.4 V + 1 mA × 0.4 V = 0.8 mW). Total power dissipation equals 2.12 mW (PD IQ + PD OUT) and (with a θJA value of 150°C/W) causes the junction temperature to rise approximately 0.318°C above the ambient.

10.2.3 Application Curves

TMP411 Fig_1_SBOS383D.gif
Figure 19. Remote Temperature Error vs TMP411 Ambient Temperature
TMP411 Fig_2_SBOS383D.gif
Figure 20. Local Temperature Error vs TMP411 Ambient Temperature