SBVS083E January   2007  – January 2015 TPS780

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Revision History
  5. Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4 Thermal Information
    5. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6 Typical Characteristics
  7. Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
      1. 7.3.1 Internal Current Limit
      2. 7.3.2 Shutdown
      3. 7.3.3 Active VOUT Pulldown
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 7.4.1 Normal Operation
      2. 7.4.2 Dropout Operation
      3. 7.4.3 Disabled
    5. 7.5 Programming
      1. 7.5.1 Programming the TPS78001 Adjustable LDO Regulator
  8. Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Application
      1. 8.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 8.2.2.1 Input and Output Capacitor Requirements
        2. 8.2.2.2 Dropout Voltage
        3. 8.2.2.3 Transient Response
        4. 8.2.2.4 Minimum Load
      3. 8.2.3 Application Curves
    3. 8.3 Do's and Don'ts
  9. Power Supply Recommendations
    1. 9.1 Powering the MSP430 Microcontroller
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
      1. 10.1.1 Board Layout Recommendations to Improve PSRR and Noise Performance
      2. 10.1.2 Package Mounting
    2. 10.2 Layout Example
    3. 10.3 Thermal Considerations
    4. 10.4 Power Dissipation
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Device Support
      1. 11.1.1 Development Support
        1. 11.1.1.1 Evaluation Modules
        2. 11.1.1.2 Spice Models
      2. 11.1.2 Device Nomenclature
    2. 11.2 Documentation Support
      1. 11.2.1 Related Documentation
    3. 11.3 Trademarks
    4. 11.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    5. 11.5 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

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7 Detailed Description

7.1 Overview

The TPS780 family of low-dropout regulators (LDOs) is designed specifically for battery-powered applications where ultralow quiescent current is a critical parameter. The absence of pulldown circuitry at the output of the LDO provides the flexibility to use the regulator output capacitor as a temporary backup power supply for a short period of time (for example, during battery replacement). The TPS780 family is compatible with the TI MSP430 and other similar products. The enable pin (EN) is compatible with standard CMOS logic. This LDO family is stable with any output capacitor greater than 1.0 µF.

7.2 Functional Block Diagram

fbd_bvs083.gif
1. Feedback pin (FB) for adjustable versions; VSET for fixed voltage versions.

7.3 Feature Description

7.3.1 Internal Current Limit

The TPS780 is internally current-limited to protect the regulator during fault conditions. During current limit, the output sources a fixed amount of current that is largely independent of output voltage. For reliable operation, do not operate the device in a current-limit state for extended periods of time.

The PMOS pass element in the TPS780 family has a built-in body diode that conducts current when the voltage at OUT exceeds the voltage at IN. This current is not limited, so if extended reverse voltage operation is anticipated, external limiting to 5% of rated output current may be appropriate.

7.3.2 Shutdown

The enable pin (EN) is active high and is compatible with standard and low-voltage CMOS levels. When shutdown capability is not required, connect EN to the IN pin, as shown in Figure 54.

ai_tie_en_new_bvs083.gifFigure 54. Circuit Showing EN Tied High When Shutdown Capability is not Required

7.3.3 Active VOUT Pulldown

In the TPS780 series, the active pulldown discharges VOUT when the device is off. However, the input voltage must be greater than 2.2 V for the active pulldown to work.

7.4 Device Functional Modes

Table 1 provides a quick comparison between the normal, dropout, and disabled modes of operation.

Table 1. Device Functional Mode Comparison

OPERATING MODE PARAMETER
VIN EN IOUT TJ
Normal VIN > VOUT(nom) + VDO VEN > VEN(HI) IOUT < ICL TJ < TSD
Dropout VIN < VOUT(nom) + VDO VEN > VEN(HI) IOUT < ICL TJ < TSD
Disabled VEN < VEN(LO) TJ > TSD

7.4.1 Normal Operation

The device regulates to the nominal output voltage under the following conditions:

  • The input voltage is greater than the nominal output voltage plus the dropout voltage (VOUT(nom) + VDO).
  • The enable voltage has previously exceeded the enable rising threshold voltage (VEN > VEN(HI)) and not yet decreased below the enable falling threshold.
  • The output current is less than the current limit (IOUT < ICL).
  • The device junction temperature is less than the thermal shutdown temperature (TJ < TSD).

7.4.2 Dropout Operation

If the input voltage is lower than the nominal output voltage plus the specified dropout voltage, but all other conditions are met for normal operation, the device operates in dropout mode. In this mode, the output voltage tracks the input voltage. During this mode, the transient performance of the device becomes significantly degraded because the pass device is in a triode state and no longer controls the current through the LDO. Line or load transients in dropout can result in large output-voltage deviations.

7.4.3 Disabled

The device is disabled under the following conditions:

  • The enable voltage is less than the enable falling threshold voltage (VEN < VEN(LO)) or has not yet exceeded the enable rising threshold.
  • The device junction temperature is greater than the thermal shutdown temperature (TJ > TSD).

7.5 Programming

7.5.1 Programming the TPS78001 Adjustable LDO Regulator

The output voltage of the TPS78001 adjustable regulator is programmed using an external resistor divider as shown in Figure 55. The output voltage operating range is 1.2 V to 5.1 V, and is calculated using Equation 1:

Equation 1. q_vout_bvs083.gif

where

  • VFB = 1.216 V typical (the internal reference voltage)

Resistors R1 and R2 should be chosen for approximately 1.2-μA divider current. Lower value resistors can be used for improved noise performance, but the solution consumes more power. Higher resistor values should be avoided because leakage current into/out of FB across R1/R2 creates an offset voltage that artificially increases/decreases the feedback voltage and thus erroneously decreases/increases VOUT. Table 2 lists several common output voltages and resistor values. The recommended design procedure is to choose R2 = 1 MΩ to set the divider current at 1.2 μA, and then calculate R1 using Equation 2:

Equation 2. q_r1_bvs083.gif
ai_adj_ldo_reg_bvs083.gifFigure 55. TPS78001 Adjustable LDO Regulator Programming

Table 2. Output Voltage Programming Guide

OUTPUT VOLTAGE R1 R2
1.8 V 0.499 MΩ 1 MΩ
2.8 V 1.33 MΩ 1 MΩ
5.0 V 3.16 MΩ 1 MΩ