SLVSAD5A July   2010  – August 2015 TPS62120 , TPS62122

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Revision History
  5. Device Comparison Table
  6. Pin Configuration and Functions
  7. Specifications
    1. 7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 7.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 7.4 Thermal Information
    5. 7.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 7.6 Typical Characteristics
  8. Detailed Description
    1. 8.1 Overview
    2. 8.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 8.3 Feature Description
      1. 8.3.1 Undervoltage Lockout
      2. 8.3.2 Enable and Shutdown
      3. 8.3.3 Power Good Output
      4. 8.3.4 SGND Open-Drain Output
      5. 8.3.5 Thermal Shutdown
    4. 8.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 8.4.1 Soft Start
      2. 8.4.2 Main Control Loop
      3. 8.4.3 100% Duty Cycle Low-Dropout Operation
      4. 8.4.4 Short-Circuit Protection
  9. Application and Implementation
    1. 9.1 Application Information
    2. 9.2 Typical Applications
      1. 9.2.1 TPS62120 With Open-Drain Output
        1. 9.2.1.1 Design Requirements
        2. 9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
          1. 9.2.1.2.1 Output Voltage Setting
          2. 9.2.1.2.2 Output Filter Design (Inductor and Output Capacitor)
          3. 9.2.1.2.3 Inductor Selection
          4. 9.2.1.2.4 Output Capacitor Selection
          5. 9.2.1.2.5 Input Capacitor Selection
          6. 9.2.1.2.6 Checking Loop Stability
        3. 9.2.1.3 Application Curves
      2. 9.2.2 Standard Circuit for TPS62122
    3. 9.3 System Examples
      1. 9.3.1 TPS62120 1.8-V Output Voltage Configuration
      2. 9.3.2 TPS62120 3.06-V Output Voltage Configuration
      3. 9.3.3 TPS62122 2.0-V Output Voltage Configuration
      4. 9.3.4 TPS62120 1.8-V VOUT Configuration Powered From a High-Impedance Source
  10. 10Power Supply Recommendations
  11. 11Layout
    1. 11.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 11.2 Layout Examples
  12. 12Device and Documentation Support
    1. 12.1 Device Support
      1. 12.1.1 Third-Party Products Disclaimer
    2. 12.2 Related Links
    3. 12.3 Community Resources
    4. 12.4 Trademarks
    5. 12.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    6. 12.6 Glossary
  13. 13Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

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9 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

9.1 Application Information

The TPS6212x device is a highly efficient synchronous step-down DC-DC converter optimized for low-power applications. With its wide input voltage range, the device also fits for energy harvesting applications to convert electrical power from electromagnetic transducers.

9.2 Typical Applications

9.2.1 TPS62120 With Open-Drain Output

TPS62120 TPS62122 PMI_120_lvsad5.gifFigure 7. Standard Circuit for TPS62120 With Open-Drain Output

9.2.1.1 Design Requirements

The device operates over an input voltage range from 2 V to 15V. The output voltage is adjustable using an external feedback divider network.

The design guideline provides a component selection to operate the device within the Recommended Operating Conditions.

9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure

9.2.1.2.1 Output Voltage Setting

The output voltage can be calculated to:

Equation 5. TPS62120 TPS62122 EQ5_vout_lvsad5.gif

To minimize the current through the feedback divider network, R2 should be within the range of 82 kΩ to 360 kΩ. The sum of R1 and R2 should not exceed approximately 1 MΩ, to keep the network robust against noise. An external feedforward capacitor Cff is required for optimum regulation performance. R1 and Cff places a zero in the feedback loop.

Equation 6. TPS62120 TPS62122 EQ6_fz_lvsad5.gif

The value for Cff can be calculated as:

Equation 7. TPS62120 TPS62122 EQ7_cff_lvsad5.gif

Table 1 shows a selection of suggested values for the feedback divider network for most common output voltages.

Table 1. Suggested Values for Feedback Divider Network

VOLTAGE SETTING (V) 3.06 3.29 2.00 1.80 1.20 5.00
R1 [kΩ] 510 560 360 300 180 430
R2 [kΩ] 180 180 240 240 360 82
Cff [pF] 15 22 22 22 27 15

9.2.1.2.2 Output Filter Design (Inductor and Output Capacitor)

The TPS6212x operates with effective inductance values in the range of 10 µH to 33 µH and with effective output capacitance in the range of 1 µF to 33 µF. The device is optimized to operate for an output filter of L = 22 µH and COUT = 4.7 µF. Larger or smaller inductor and capacitor values can be used to optimize the performance of the device for specific operation conditions. For more details, see Checking Loop Stability.

9.2.1.2.3 Inductor Selection

The inductor value affects its peak-to-peak ripple current, the PWM-to-PFM transition point, the output voltage ripple, and the efficiency. The selected inductor has to be rated for its DC resistance and saturation current. The inductor ripple current (ΔIL) decreases with higher inductance and increases with higher VIN or VOUT and can be estimated according to Equation 8.

Equation 9 calculates the maximum inductor current under static load conditions. The saturation current of the inductor should be rated higher than the maximum inductor current as calculated with Equation 9. This is recommended because during heavy load transient the inductor current will rise above the calculated value. A more conservative way is to select the inductor saturation current according to the high-side MOSFET switch current limit ILIMF.

Equation 8. TPS62120 TPS62122 EQ8_IDIL_lvsad5.gif
Equation 9. TPS62120 TPS62122 EQ9_ILmax_lvsad5.gif

where

  • TON = See Equation 1
  • L = Inductor value
  • ΔIL = Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current
  • ILmax = Maximum inductor current

In DC-DC converter applications, the efficiency is essentially affected by the inductor AC resistance (that is, quality factor) and by the inductor DCR value. To achieve high efficiency operation, care should be taken in selecting inductors featuring a quality factor above 25 at the switching frequency. Increasing the inductor value produces lower RMS currents, but degrades transient response. For a given physical inductor size, increased inductance usually results in an inductor with lower saturation current.

The total losses of the coil consist of both the losses in the DC resistance (R(DC)) and the following frequency-dependent components:

  • the losses in the core material (magnetic hysteresis loss, especially at high switching frequencies)
  • additional losses in the conductor from the skin effect (current displacement at high frequencies)
  • magnetic field losses of the neighboring windings (proximity effect)
  • radiation losses

The following inductor series from different suppliers have been used with the TPS6212x converters.

Table 2. List of Inductors

INDUCTANCE (µH) DIMENSIONS (mm3) INDUCTOR TYPE SUPPLIER
22 3 × 3 × 1.5 LQH3NPN Murata
18/22 3 × 3 × 1.5 LPS3015 Coilcraft

9.2.1.2.4 Output Capacitor Selection

The unique hysteretic PFM/PWM control scheme of the TPS6212x allows the use of ceramic capacitors. Ceramic capacitors with low ESR values have the lowest output voltage ripple and are recommended. The output capacitor requires either an X7R or X5R dielectric. Y5V and Z5U dielectric capacitors, aside from their wide variation in capacitance over temperature, become resistive at high frequencies.

At light load currents the converter operates in power save mode and the output voltage ripple is dependent on the output capacitor value and the PFM peak inductor current. Higher output capacitor values minimize the voltage ripple in PFM mode and tighten DC output accuracy in PFM mode.

9.2.1.2.5 Input Capacitor Selection

Because of the nature of the buck converter having a pulsating input current, a low ESR input capacitor is required for best input voltage filtering and minimizing the interference with other circuits caused by high input voltage spikes. For most applications a 4.7 µF to 10 µF ceramic capacitor is recommended. The voltage rating and DC bias characteristic of ceramic capacitors need to be considered. The input capacitor can be increased without any limit for better input voltage filtering.

For specific applications like energy harvesting a tantalum or tantalum polymer capacitor can be used to achieve a specific DC-DC converter input capacitance. Tantalum capacitors provide much better DC bias performance compared to ceramic capacitors. In this case a 1-µF or 2.2-µF ceramic capacitor should be used in parallel to provide low ESR.

Take care when using only small ceramic input capacitors. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and the power is being supplied through long wires, such as from a wall adapter, a load step at the output or VIN step on the input can induce large ringing at the VIN pin. This ringing can couple to the output and be mistaken as loop instability or could even damage the part by exceeding the maximum ratings.

Table 3 shows a list of input and output capacitors.

Table 3. List of Capacitors

CAPACITANCE (µF) SIZE CAPACITOR TYPE USAGE SUPPLIER
4.7 0603 GRM188 series 6.3 V X5R COUT Murata
2.2 0603 GRM188 series 6.3 V X5R COUT Murata
4.7 0805 GRM21Bseries 25 V X5R CIN Murata
10 0805 GRM21Bseries 16 V X5R CIN Murata
8.2 B2 (3.5 × 2.8 × 1.9) 20TQC8R2M (20 V) CIN Sanyo

9.2.1.2.6 Checking Loop Stability

The first step of circuit and stability evaluation is to look from a steady-state perspective at the following signals:

  • Switching node, SW
  • Inductor current, IL
  • Output ripple voltage, VO(AC)

These are the basic signals that need to be measured when evaluating a switching converter. When the switching waveform shows large duty cycle jitter or the output voltage or inductor current shows oscillations, the regulation loop may be unstable. This is often a result of board layout and/or L-C combination.

As a next step in the evaluation of the regulation loop, the load transient response is tested. During application of the load transient and the turn on of the high-side MOSFET switch, the output capacitor must supply all of the current required by the load. VOUT immediately shifts by an amount equal to ΔI(LOAD) × ESR, where ESR is the effective series resistance of COUT. ΔI(LOAD) begins to charge or discharge COUT generating a feedback error signal used by the regulator to return VOUT to its steady-state value. The results are most easily interpreted when the device operates in PWM mode.

During this recovery time, VOUT can be monitored for settling time, overshoot or ringing that helps judge the converter’s stability. Without any ringing, the loop has usually more than 45° of phase margin. Because the damping factor of the circuitry is directly related to several resistive parameters (for example, MOSFET RDS(on)) which are temperature dependent, the loop stability analysis should be done over the input voltage range, load current range, and temperature range

9.2.1.3 Application Curves

All graphs have been generated using the circuit as shown in Figure 7 unless otherwise noted.

TPS62120 TPS62122 tc1_lvsad5.gifFigure 8. Efficiency vs Output Current IOUT (VOUT = 5 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc3_lvsad5.gifFigure 10. Efficiency vs Output Current IOUT (VOUT = 3.3 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc5_lvsad5.gifFigure 12. Efficiency vs Output Current IOUT (VOUT = 3 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc7_lvsad5.gifFigure 14. Efficiency vs Output Current IOUT (VOUT = 2 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc9_lvsad5.gifFigure 16. Efficiency vs Output Current IOUT (VOUT = 1.2 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc_11_lvsad5.gifFigure 18. 3.0-V Output Voltage DC Regulation
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc_16_lvsad5.gifFigure 20. VOUT 2.0-V Output Ripple Voltage Peak to Peak
TPS62120 TPS62122 typ_op10mA_lvsad5.gif
Figure 22. Typical Operation IOUT 10mA
TPS62120 TPS62122 lot_resp_lvsad5.gifFigure 24. Load Transient Response for 3-V Output Voltage
TPS62120 TPS62122 spur_nois_cout_4uF_lvsad5.gifFigure 26. TPS62120 Spurious Output Noise
COUT = 4.7 µF
TPS62120 TPS62122 ac_ld_18v_lvsad5.gifFigure 28. AC Load Regulation Performance for 1.8-V Output Voltage
TPS62120 TPS62122 stup_3v_lvsad5.gifFigure 30. Startup VOUT = 3 V
TPS62120 TPS62122 stup_18v_lvsad5.gifFigure 32. Startup VOUT 1.8 V
TPS62120 TPS62122 rumpd_lvsad5.gifFigure 34. Input Voltage Ramp Up/Down
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc2_lvsad5.gifFigure 9. Efficiency vs Input Voltage VIN (VOUT = 5 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc4_lvsad5.gifFigure 11. Efficiency vs Input Voltage VIN (VOUT = 3.3 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc6_lvsad5.gifFigure 13. Efficiency vs Input Voltage VIN (VOUT = 3 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc8_lvsad5.gifFigure 15. Efficiency vs Input Voltage VIN (VOUT = 2 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc10_lvsad5.gifFigure 17. Efficiency vs Input Voltage VIN (VOUT = 1.2 V)
TPS62120 TPS62122 tc_12_lvsad5.gifFigure 19. 2.0-V Output Voltage DC Regulation
TPS62120 TPS62122 typ_op60mA_lvsad5.gifFigure 21. Typical Operation IOUT 60mA
TPS62120 TPS62122 lt_resp_lvsad5.gifFigure 23. Line Transient Response for 3-V Output Voltage
TPS62120 TPS62122 ac_ld_3v_lvsad5.gifFigure 25. AC Load Regulation Performance for 3-V Output Voltage
TPS62120 TPS62122 spur_nois_cout_10uF_lvsad5.gifFigure 27. TPS62120 Spurious Output Noise
COUT = 10 µF
TPS62120 TPS62122 outdis_sgnd_lvsad5.gifFigure 29. Output Discharge With SGND Pin Connected to VOUT
TPS62120 TPS62122 pg_stup_lvsad5.gifFigure 31. Power Good Output During Startup
TPS62120 TPS62122 ooload_lvsad5.gifFigure 33. Output Overload Protection
TPS62120 TPS62122 stup_hiz_lvsad5.gifFigure 35. Startup From a High-Impedance Source

9.2.2 Standard Circuit for TPS62122

Beside the power good open drain output (PG pin) and the open drain output for output discharge (SGND pin) the TPS62122 provides the same functionality as the TPS62120.

TPS62120 TPS62122 PMI_122_lvsad5.gifFigure 36. Standard Circuit for TPS62122

9.3 System Examples

The TPS6212x is operating with a wide input voltage range from 2 V to 15 V. An open-drain power good output and an additional SGND pin is available in the TPS62120 for output voltage regulation and to discharge the output capacitor.

9.3.1 TPS62120 1.8-V Output Voltage Configuration

TPS62120 TPS62122 ai_120_18v_lvsad5.gifFigure 37. TPS62120 1.8-V Output Voltage Configuration

9.3.2 TPS62120 3.06-V Output Voltage Configuration

TPS62120 TPS62122 ai_120_3v_lvsad5.gifFigure 38. TPS62120 3.06-V Output Voltage Configuration

9.3.3 TPS62122 2.0-V Output Voltage Configuration

TPS62120 TPS62122 ai_122_2v_lvsad5.gifFigure 39. TPS62122 2.0-V Output Voltage Configuration

9.3.4 TPS62120 1.8-V VOUT Configuration Powered From a High-Impedance Source

TPS62120 TPS62122 ai_120_18vhiz_lvsad5.gifFigure 40. TPS62120 1.8-V VOUT Configuration Powered From a High-Impedance Source