SLVSB42D November 2011 – January 2016 TPS54428
PRODUCTION DATA.
- 1 Features
- 2 Applications
- 3 Description
- 4 Revision History
- 5 Pin Configuration and Functions
- 6 Specifications
- 7 Detailed Description
- 8 Application and Implementation
- 9 Power Supply Recommendations
- 10Layout
- 11Device and Documentation Support
- 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The TPS54428 is designed to provide up to 4-A output current from an input voltage source of 4.5 V to 17 V. The output voltage range is from 0.76 V to 6 V.
8.2 Typical Application
Figure 11. Schematic Diagram for This Design Example
8.2.1 Design Requirements
To begin the design process, you must know a few application parameters:
- Input voltage range
- Output voltage
- Output current
- Output voltage ripple
- Input voltage ripple
Table 1. Performance Specifications Summary
| SPECIFICATIONS | TEST CONDITIONS | MIN | TYP | MAX | UNIT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Input voltage range (VIN) | 4.5 | 12 | 18 | V | ||
| Output voltage (VOUT) | 1.05 | V | ||||
| Operating frequency | VIN = 12 V, IOUT = 2 A | 650 | kHz | |||
| Output current range | 0 | 4 | A | |||
| Line regulation | IO = 2.5 A | ± 0.33% | ||||
| Load regulation | VIN = 12 V | +0.9/– 0.1% | ||||
| Overcurrent limit | VIN = 12 V, L = 1.5 µH | 4.6 | 5.3 | 6.8 | A | |
| Output ripple voltage | VIN = 12 V, IOUT = 4A | 15 | mVPP | |||
| Maximum efficiency | VIN = 5 V, IOUT= 0.7 A | 88% | ||||
8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.2.1 Output Voltage Resistors Selection
The output voltage is set with a resistor divider from the output node to the VFB pin. It is recommended to use 1% tolerance or better divider resistors. Start by using Equation 3 to calculate VOUT.
To improve efficiency at very light loads consider using larger value resistors, too high of resistance will be more susceptible to noise and voltage errors from the VFB input current will be more noticeable.
8.2.2.2 Output Filter Selection
The output filter used with the TPS54428 is an LC circuit. This LC filter has double pole at:
At low frequencies, the overall loop gain is set by the output set-point resistor divider network and the internal gain of the TPS54428. The low frequency phase is 180 degrees. At the output filter pole frequency, the gain rolls off at a –40 dB per decade rate and the phase drops rapidly. D-CAP2™ introduces a high frequency zero that reduces the gain roll off to –20 dB per decade and increases the phase to 90 degrees one decade above the zero frequency. The inductor and capacitor selected for the output filter must be selected so that the double pole of Equation 4 is located below the high frequency zero but close enough that the phase boost provided be the high frequency zero provides adequate phase margin for a stable circuit. To meet this requirement use the values recommended in Table 2.
Table 2. Recommended Component Values
| Output Voltage (V) | R1 (kΩ) | R2 (kΩ) | C4 (pF)(1) | L1 (µH) | C8 + C9 (µF) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.81 | 22.1 | 1.5 | 22 - 68 | |
| 1.05 | 8.25 | 22.1 | 1.5 | 22 - 68 | |
| 1.2 | 12.7 | 22.1 | 1.5 | 22 - 68 | |
| 1.5 | 21.5 | 22.1 | 1.5 | 22 - 68 | |
| 1.8 | 30.1 | 22.1 | 5 - 22 | 2.2 | 22 - 68 |
| 2.5 | 49.9 | 22.1 | 5 - 22 | 2.2 | 22 - 68 |
| 3.3 | 73.2 | 22.1 | 5 - 22 | 2.2 | 22 - 68 |
| 5 | 124 | 22.1 | 5 - 22 | 3.3 | 22 - 68 |
| 6.5 | 165 | 22.1 | 5 - 22 | 3.3 | 22 - 68 |
For higher output voltages at or above 1.8 V, additional phase boost can be achieved by adding a feed forward capacitor (C4) in parallel with R1
The inductor peak-to-peak ripple current, peak current and RMS current are calculated using Equation 5, Equation 6 and Equation 7. The inductor saturation current rating must be greater than the calculated peak current and the RMS or heating current rating must be greater than the calculated RMS current. Use 650 kHz for fSW.
Use 650 kHz for fSW. Make sure the chosen inductor is rated for the peak current of Equation 6 and the RMS current of Equation 7.
For this design example, the calculated peak current is 4.51 A and the calculated RMS current is 4.01 A. The inductor used is a TDK SPM6530-1R5M100 with a peak current rating of 11.5 A and an RMS current rating of 11 A.
The capacitor value and ESR determines the amount of output voltage ripple. The TPS54428 is intended for use with ceramic or other low ESR capacitors. Recommended values range from 22µF to 68µF. Use Equation 8 to determine the required RMS current rating for the output capacitor.
For this design two TDK C3216X5R0J226M 22µF output capacitors are used. The typical ESR is 2 mΩ each. The calculated RMS current is 0.286A and each output capacitor is rated for 4A.
8.2.2.3 Input Capacitor Selection
The TPS54428 requires an input decoupling capacitor and a bulk capacitor is needed depending on the application. A ceramic capacitor over 10µF is recommended for the decoupling capacitor. An additional 0.1 µF capacitor from pin 8 to ground is optional to provide additional frequency filtering. The capacitor voltage rating needs to be greater than the maximum input voltage.
8.2.2.4 Bootstrap Capacitor Selection
A 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor must be connected between the VBST to SW pin for proper operation. It is recommended to use a ceramic capacitor.
8.2.2.5 VREG5 Capacitor Selection
A 1-µF ceramic capacitor must be connected between the VREG5 to GND pin for proper operation. It is recommended to use a ceramic capacitor
8.2.3 Application Curves
