SNOSC16D March   2000  – January 2015 LM124-N , LM224-N , LM2902-N , LM324-N

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Revision History
  5. Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4 Thermal Information
    5. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A
    6. 6.6 Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-N/2902-N
    7. 6.7 Typical Characteristics
  7. Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
  8. Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Applications
      1. 8.2.1 Non-Inverting DC Gain (0 V Input = 0 V Output)
        1. 8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
        2. 8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 8.2.1.3 Application Curve
      2. 8.2.2 Other Application Circuits at V+ = 5.0 VDC
  9. Power Supply Recommendations
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 10.2 Layout Example
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Related Links
    2. 11.2 Trademarks
    3. 11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    4. 11.4 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

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8 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

8.1 Application Information

The LM124 series of amplifiers is specified for operation from 3 V to 32 V (±1.5 V to ±16 V). Many of the specifications apply from –40°C to 125°C. Parameters that can exhibit significant variance with regards to operating voltage or temperature are presented in Typical Characteristics.

8.2 Typical Applications

Figure 15 emphasizes operation on only a single power supply voltage. If complementary power supplies are available, all of the standard op amp circuits can be used. In general, introducing a pseudo-ground (a bias voltage reference of V+/2) will allow operation above and below this value in single power supply systems. Many application circuits are shown which take advantage of the wide input common-mode voltage range which includes ground. In most cases, input biasing is not required and input voltages which range to ground can easily be accommodated.

8.2.1 Non-Inverting DC Gain (0 V Input = 0 V Output)

LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929905.png
*R not needed due to temperature independent IIN
Figure 15. Non-Inverting Amplifier with G=100

8.2.1.1 Design Requirements

For this example application, the required signal gain is a non-inverting 100x±5% with a supply voltage of 5 V.

8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure

Using the equation for a non-inverting gain configuration, Av = 1+R2/R1. Setting the R1 to 10 kΩ, R2 is 99 times larger than R1, which is 990 kΩ. A 1MΩ is more readily available, and provides a gain of 101, which is within the desired specification.

The gain-frequency characteristic of the amplifier and its feedback network must be such that oscillation does not occur. To meet this condition, the phase shift through amplifier and feedback network must never exceed 180° for any frequency where the gain of the amplifier and its feedback network is greater than unity. In practical applications, the phase shift should not approach 180° since this is the situation of conditional stability. Obviously the most critical case occurs when the attenuation of the feedback network is zero.

8.2.1.3 Application Curve

LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N app-curve.png Figure 16. Non-Inverting Amplified Response Curve

8.2.2 Other Application Circuits at V+ = 5.0 VDC

LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929906.png
Where: V0 = V1 + V2 − V3 − V4
(V1 + V2) ≥ (V3 + V4) to keep VO > 0 VDC
Figure 17. DC Summing Amplifier
(VIN'S ≥ 0 VDC And VO ≥ VDC)
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929908.png
Figure 19. LED Driver
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929907.png
Where: V0 = 0 VDC for VIN = 0 VDC
AV = 10
Figure 18. Power Amplifier
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929909.png
fo = 1 kHz Q = 50 AV = 100 (40 dB)
Figure 20. “BI-QUAD” RC Active Bandpass Filter
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929910.png
Figure 21. Fixed Current Sources
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929911.png Figure 22. Lamp Driver
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929913.png Figure 24. Driving TTL
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929915.png Figure 26. Pulse Generator
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929917.png Figure 28. Pulse Generator
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929919.png Figure 30. Low Drift Peak Detector
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929921.png
VO = VR
Figure 32. Ground Referencing a Differential Input Signal
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929923.png
Q = 1 AV = 2
Figure 34. Photo Voltaic-Cell Amplifier
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929912.png
*(Increase R1 for IL small)
Figure 23. Current Monitor
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929914.png Figure 25. Voltage Follower
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929916.png Figure 27. Squarewave Oscillator
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929918.png
IO = 1 amp/volt VIN (Increase RE for Io small)
Figure 29. High Compliance Current Sink
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929920.png Figure 31. Comparator With Hysteresis
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929922.png
*Wide control voltage range:
0 VDC ≤ VC ≤ 2 (V+ −1.5 VDC)
Figure 33. Voltage Controlled Oscillator Circuit
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929926.png
Figure 35. DC Coupled Low-Pass RC Active Filter
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929924.png
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929950.png Figure 36. AC Coupled Inverting Amplifier
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929925.png
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929951.png Figure 37. AC Coupled Non-Inverting Amplifier
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929927.png
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929952.png Figure 38. High Input Z, DC Differential Amplifier
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929928.png
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929953.png Figure 39. High Input Z Adjustable-Gain DC Instrumentation Amplifier
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929930.pngLM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929954.png Figure 40. Bridge Current Amplifier
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929929.png Figure 41. Using Symmetrical Amplifiers to Reduce Input Current (General Concept)
LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 929931.png
fO = 1 kHz Q = 25
Figure 42. Bandpass Active Filter