Design Goals

Design Description

Some MSP430™ microcontrollers (MCUs) contain configurable integrated signal chain elements such as op-amps, DACs, and programmable gain stages. These elements make up a peripheral called the Smart Analog Combo (SAC). For information on the different types of SACs and how to leverage their configurable analog signal chain capabilities, visit MSP430 MCUs Smart Analog Combo Training. To get started with your design, download the MSP430 Temp Sense PTC Circuit Code Examples and SPICE Simulation File.

This temperature sensing circuit uses a resistor in series with a positive-temperature-coefficient (PTC) thermistor to form a voltage divider, which produces an output voltage that is linear over temperature. The circuit uses the MSP430FR2311 SAC_L1 op-amp in a noninverting amplifier configuration with inverting reference to offset and amplify the signal, which helps to use the full ADC resolution and increase measurement accuracy. (Note: The MSP430FR2355 features four SAC_L3 peripherals which each contain a built-in DAC and PGA, providing a single-chip solution for generating Vref and measuring the thermistor circuit.) The output of the integrated SAC op-amp can be sampled directly by the on-board ADC or monitored by the on-board comparator for further processing inside the MCU.

Design Notes

• The connection, V_in, is a positive temperature coefficient output voltage. To measure the output voltage of a negative-temperature-coefficient (NTC) thermistor, switch the position of R₁ and the PTC resistor.
• Vref can be generated by the integrated SAC_L3 DACs in the MSP430FR2355 or a voltage divider. If a voltage divider is used, the equivalent resistance of the voltage divider affects the gain of the circuit.
• Using high-value resistors can degrade the phase margin of the amplifier and introduce additional noise in the circuit. It is recommended to use resistor values around 10kΩ or less.
• If the solution is implemented using the MSP430FR2311, the SAC_L1 op-amp is configured in general purpose mode to measure the thermistor circuit.
• If the solution is implemented using the MSP430FR2355, one SAC_L3 peripheral is configured in DAC mode to generate the reference voltage and another is configured in general purpose mode to measure the thermistor circuit.

Design Steps

1. Calculate the value of R₁ to produce a linear output voltage. Use the minimum and maximum values of the PTC to obtain a range of values for R₁.
   Equation 2. $$\begin{gathered} {\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC\_Max}}={\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC}\mathrm{ }@50\mathrm{℃}}=\text{11.611 }\mathrm{k\Omega } \\ {\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC\_Min}}={\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC}\mathrm{ }@0\mathrm{℃}}=\text{8.525 }\mathrm{k\Omega } \\ {\mathrm{R}}_1=\sqrt{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC}\mathrm{ }@0\mathrm{℃}}\times {\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC}\mathrm{ }@50\mathrm{℃}}}=\sqrt{\text{8.525 }\mathrm{k\Omega }\times \text{11.611 }\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{\Omega }=\text{9.95 }\mathrm{k\Omega }\approx \text{10 }\mathrm{k\Omega } \end{gathered}$$
2. Calculate the input voltage range.
   Equation 3. $$\begin{gathered} {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{inMin}}={\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{dd}}\times \frac{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC\_Min}}}{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC\_Min}}+{\mathrm{R}}_1}=\text{3.3 }\mathrm{V}\times \frac{\text{8.525 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}{\text{8.525 }\mathrm{k\Omega }+\text{10 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}=\text{1.519 }\mathrm{V} \\ {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{inMax}}={\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{dd}}\times \frac{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC\_Max}}}{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{PTC\_Max}}+{\mathrm{R}}_1}=\text{3.3 }\mathrm{V}\times \frac{\text{11.611 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}{\text{11.611 }\mathrm{k\Omega }+\text{10 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}=\text{1.773 }\mathrm{V} \end{gathered}$$
3. Calculate the gain required to produce the maximum output swing.
   Equation 4. ${\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{ideal}}=\frac{{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{outMax}}-{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{outMin}}}{{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{inMax}}-{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{inMin}}}=\frac{\text{3.15 }\mathrm{V}-\text{0.15 }\mathrm{V}}{\text{1.773 }\mathrm{V}-\text{1.519 }\mathrm{V}}=\text{11.811 }\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{V}}$
4. Select R₂ and calculate R₃ to set the gain calculated in Step 3.
   Equation 5. $$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Gain}=\frac{{\mathrm{R}}_2+{\mathrm{R}}_3}{{\mathrm{R}}_2} \\ {\mathrm{R}}_2=\text{1 }\mathrm{k\Omega } \\ {\mathrm{R}}_3={\mathrm{R}}_2\times ({\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{ideal}}-1)=\text{1 }\mathrm{k\Omega }\times (11.811-1)=\text{10.811 }\mathrm{k\Omega } \\ \mathrm{Choose} {\mathrm{R}}_3=\text{10.7 }\mathrm{k\Omega } \left(\mathrm{Standard}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{value}\right) \end{gathered}$$
5. Calculate the actual gain based on standard values of R₂ and R₃.
   Equation 6. ${\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{actual}}=\frac{{\mathrm{R}}_2+{\mathrm{R}}_3}{{\mathrm{R}}_2}=\frac{\text{1 }\mathrm{k\Omega }+\text{10.7 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}{\text{1 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}=\text{11.7 }\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{V}}$
6. Calculate the output voltage swing based on the actual gain.
   Equation 7. ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{out}\_\mathrm{swing}}=\left({\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{inMax}}-{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{inMin}}\right)\times {\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{actual}}=\left(\text{1.773 }\mathrm{V}-\text{1.519 }\mathrm{V}\right)\times \text{11.7 }\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{V}}=2.9718\mathrm{V}$
7. Calculate the maximum output voltage when the output voltage is symmetrical around mid-supply.
   Equation 8. ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{outMax}}={\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{mid}-\mathrm{supply}}+\frac{{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{out\_swing}}}{2}=\frac{{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{dd}}-{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{ee}}}{2}+\frac{{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{out\_swing}}}{2}=\frac{\text{3.3 }\mathrm{V}-\text{0 }\mathrm{V}}{2}+\frac{\text{2.9718 }\mathrm{V}}{2}=\text{3.136 }\mathrm{V}$
8. Calculate the reference voltage.
   Equation 9. $$\begin{gathered} {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{outMax}}={\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{inMax}}\times {\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{actual}}-\frac{{\mathrm{R}}_3}{{\mathrm{R}}_2}\times {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{ref}} \\ \text{3.136 }\mathrm{V}=\text{1.773 }\mathrm{V}\times \text{11.7 }\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{V}}-\frac{\text{10.7 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}{\text{1 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}\times {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{ref}} \\ {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{ref}}=\frac{\text{1.773 }\mathrm{V}\times \text{11.7 }\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{V}}-\text{3.136 }\mathrm{V}}{\frac{\text{10.7 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}{\text{1 }\mathrm{k\Omega }}}=\text{1.646 }\mathrm{V} \end{gathered}$$

Design Simulations

DC Transfer Results

AC Simulation Results

Target Applications

• Field temperature transmitters
• Thermostats
• Thermometers
• Thermistor probes
• System temperature monitor

References

Texas Instruments, MSP430 MCUs Smart Analog Combo Training, video

Texas Instruments, TINA-TI, analog simulation program

Texas Instruments, MSP430 Temp Sense PTC Circuit Code Examples and SPICE Simulation File, software support

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