SLVSAU2C May   2011  – December 2015 TPS54227

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Revision History
  5. Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4 Thermal Information
    5. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6 Typical Characteristics
  7. Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
      1. 7.3.1 PWM Operation
      2. 7.3.2 PWM Frequency and Adaptive ON-Time Control
      3. 7.3.3 Soft-Start and Prebiasd Soft-Start
      4. 7.3.4 Current Protection
      5. 7.3.5 UVLO Protection
      6. 7.3.6 Thermal Shutdown
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 7.4.1 Normal Operation
      2. 7.4.2 Forced CCM Operation
  8. Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Application
      1. 8.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 8.2.2.1 Output Voltage Resistors Selection
        2. 8.2.2.2 Output Filter Selection
        3. 8.2.2.3 Input Capacitor Selection
        4. 8.2.2.4 Bootstrap Capacitor Selection
        5. 8.2.2.5 VREG5 Capacitor Selection
      3. 8.2.3 Application Curves
  9. Power Supply Recommendations
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 10.2 Layout Examples
    3. 10.3 Thermal Considerations
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Documentation Support
      1. 11.1.1 Related Documentation
    2. 11.2 Community Resources
    3. 11.3 Trademarks
    4. 11.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    5. 11.5 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

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8 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

8.1 Application Information

The TPS54227 is used as a step converter that converts a voltage of 4.5 to 18 V to a lower voltage. WEBENCH™ software is available to aid in the design and analysis of circuits.

8.2 Typical Application

TPS54227 sch_lvsau2.gif Figure 8. Typical Application

8.2.1 Design Requirements

Table 1 lists the design requirements for this example.

Table 1. Design Requirements

SPECIFICATIONS TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
Input voltage 4.5 12 18 V
Output voltage 1.05 V
Operating frequency VIN = 12 V, Io = 1 A 700 kHz
Output current range 0 12 A

8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

To begin the design process, you must know a few application parameters:

  • Input voltage range
  • Output voltage
  • Output current
  • Output voltage ripple
  • Input voltage ripple

8.2.2.1 Output Voltage Resistors Selection

The output voltage is set with a resistor divider from the output node to the VFB pin. TI recommends to use 1% tolerance or better divider resistors. Start by using Equation 2 to calculate VOUT.

To improve efficiency at very light loads consider using larger value resistors, too high of resistance is more susceptible to noise and voltage errors from the VFB input current is more noticeable.

Equation 2. TPS54227 eq2_lvsaAG1.gif

8.2.2.2 Output Filter Selection

The output filter used with the TPS54227 is an LC circuit. This LC filter has double pole at:

Equation 3. TPS54227 eq4_lvsaAG1.gif

At low frequencies, the overall loop gain is set by the output set-point resistor divider network and the internal gain of the TPS54227. The low frequency phase is 180 degrees. At the output filter pole frequency, the gain rolls off at a –40 dB per decade rate and the phase drops rapidly. D-CAP2 introduces a high frequency zero that reduces the gain roll off to –20 dB per decade and increases the phase to 90 degrees one decade above the zero frequency. The inductor and capacitor selected for the output filter must be selected so that the double pole of Equation 3 is located below the high frequency zero but close enough that the phase boost provided be the high frequency zero provides adequate phase margin for a stable circuit. To meet this requirement use the values recommended in Table 2.

Table 2. Recommended Component Values

Output Voltage (V) R1 (kΩ) R2 (kΩ) C4 (pF)(1) L1 (µH) C8 + C9 (µF)
1 6.81 22.1 1.5 - 2.2 22 - 68
1.05 8.25 22.1 1.5 - 2.2 22 - 68
1.2 12.7 22.1 2.2 22 - 68
1.5 21.5 22.1 2.2 22 - 68
1.8 30.1 22.1 5 - 22 3.3 22 - 68
2.5 49.9 22.1 5 - 22 3.3 22 - 68
3.3 73.2 22.1 5 - 22 3.3 22 - 68
5 124 22.1 5 - 22 4.7 22 - 68
6.5 165 22.1 5 - 22 4.7 22 - 68
(1) Optional

Because the DC gain is dependent on the output voltage, the required inductor value increases as the output voltage increases. For higher output voltages at or above 1.8 V, additional phase boost can be achieved by adding a feed forward capacitor (C4) in parallel with R1

The inductor peak-to-peak ripple current, peak current and RMS current are calculated using Equation 4, Equation 5 and Equation 6. The inductor saturation current rating must be greater than the calculated peak current and the RMS or heating current rating must be greater than the calculated RMS current. Use 700 kHz for fSW.

Use 700 kHz for fSW. Make sure the chosen inductor is rated for the peak current of Equation 5 and the RMS current of Equation 6.

Equation 4. TPS54227 eq5_lvsaAG1.gif
Equation 5. TPS54227 eq6_lvsaAG1.gif
Equation 6. TPS54227 eq7_lvsaAG1.gif

For this design example, the calculated peak current is 2.311 A and the calculated RMS current is 2.008 A. The inductor used is a TDK CLF7045T-2R2M with a peak current rating of 5.5 A and an RMS current rating of 4.3 A.

The capacitor value and ESR determines the amount of output voltage ripple. The TPS54227 is intended for use with ceramic or other low ESR capacitors. Recommended values range from 22 µF to 68 µF. Use Equation 7 to determine the required RMS current rating for the output capacitor.

Equation 7. TPS54227 eq8_lvsaAG1.gif

For this design two TDK C3216X5R0J226M 22-µF output capacitors are used. The typical ESR is 2 mΩ each. The calculated RMS current is 0.18 A and each output capacitor is rated for 4A.

8.2.2.3 Input Capacitor Selection

The TPS54227 requires an input decoupling capacitor and a bulk capacitor is needed depending on the application. A ceramic capacitor over 10 μF is recommended for the decoupling capacitor. An additional 0.1-µF capacitor (C3) from pin 8 to ground is optional to provide additional high frequency filtering. The capacitor voltage rating needs to be greater than the maximum input voltage.

8.2.2.4 Bootstrap Capacitor Selection

A 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor must be connected between the VBST to SW pin for proper operation. TI recommends to use a ceramic capacitor.

8.2.2.5 VREG5 Capacitor Selection

A 1-µF ceramic capacitor must be connected between the VREG5 to GND pin for proper operation. TI recommends to use a ceramic capacitor.

8.2.3 Application Curves

TPS54227 vi_io_lvsau2.gif Figure 9. 1.05-V Output Voltage vs Output Current
TPS54227 respons_lvsau2.gif Figure 11. 1.05-V, 0-A to 2-A Load Transient Response
TPS54227 vo_rip_lvsau2.gif Figure 13. Voltage Ripple at Output (IO = 2 A)
TPS54227 D001_SLVSAU2.gif Figure 15. TPS54227EVM-686 Efficiency
TPS54227 vo_vin_lvsau2.gif Figure 10. 1.05-V Output Voltage vs Input Voltage
TPS54227 ss_lvsau2.gif Figure 12. Start-Up Waveform
TPS54227 vin_rip_lvsau2.gif Figure 14. Voltage Ripple at Output (IO = 2 A)
TPS54227 D002_SLVSAU2.gif Figure 16. TPS54227EVM-686 Light Load Efficiency